A study of more than 400,000 road accidents in the UK found that “dangerous or aggressive maneuvers” played a role in crashes. There was a significant statistical difference in driver responsibility between different brands, according to The Guardian.

Questionable driving — which includes reported violations such as speeding, running a red light, crossing double white lines or ignoring an unassuming pedestrian crossing — was most likely a factor when it came to Subaru, Porsche and BMW.

Taking into account variables such as drivers’ age and road types, researchers hypothesized that brand could be to blame.

“If all things were equal, we would expect the same proportion of aggressive maneuvers across species,” said lead author Alan Tubb, professor of social marketing at the University of the West of England.

However, there was a greater spread in DOT crash data among brands that Tapp broadly described as those with “advertising and marketing that appear to celebrate driving performance.”